![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() This article positions the vogue for cybernetics as a key driver of the transformation of the institutional structures and epistemic order of Soviet technoscience that occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. The paper also suggests some important similarities in the impact of the Cold War on science and technology in the Soviet Union and the United States. This paper examines how early Soviet computing was shaped by the interplay of military and ideological forces, and affected by the attempts to 'de-ideologize' computers. While some scholars 'ideologized' science, translating scientific theories into a value-laden political language, others tried to 'de-ideologize' it by drawing a sharp line between ideology and the supposedly value-neutral, 'objective' content of science. Soviet scientists developed two opposite discursive strategies. ABSTRACT Soviet science in the post-WWII period was torn between two contradictory directives: to 'overtake and surpass' Western science, especially in defence-related fields and to 'criticize and destroy' Western scholarship for its alleged ideological flaws. ![]()
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